Safe Storage of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Knowing how lithium-ion batteries function is essential before understanding their risks. Though compact and efficient, the internal components of a battery operate under tightly controlled chemical and electrical conditions. When these conditions are disrupted, the results can be dangerous, even slightly. Knowing how a battery is built provides key insight into why failures such as overheating, short-circuiting, or deep discharge can lead to fires, explosions, or chemical leaks.

Each lithium battery cell contains:

• An anode and a cathode (electrodes)

• An ion-conducting electrolyte

• A separator to prevent short-circuits

Lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode during discharge, generating electrical energy. Any disruption—overcharging, overheating, or physical damage—can trigger dangerous chemical reactions.

While lithium-ion batteries are efficient and widely used, they come with serious safety concerns, especially when damaged, improperly charged, or stored under the wrong conditions. Lithium batteries can react violently when things go wrong, unlike many other power sources, often with little warning. From fire hazards to toxic gas emissions, the consequences of battery failure can be catastrophic for both people and property.

In this section, we break down the most common and dangerous failure modes, so you can better understand why proper storage and handling are essential.

When a lithium-ion battery burns, it generates its own oxygen. Only special suppression powders and granules are suitable for combating Class D fires, which are classified by the presence of burning metals.

Stock suppression powder or granules in sufficient quantities are recommended as a preventative measure. By covering the fire load with granules, oxygen is displaced and separated from the fuel. Like glass, the granules melt at a specific temperature. They absorb heat as melting energy, cooling the fire. Additionally, an impermeable envelope is formed over the fire load, effectively preventing a reaction with oxygen.

The outbreak of fire is not the only risk associated with lithium batteries. If there is a reaction, hazardous substances such as hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acids may be released from inside the cell. This may appear as vapor, which could injure workers through skin contact or inhalation.

Many companies face a dilemma when storing lithium-ion batteries because no unified legislation exists. Safety measures can be taken depending on the individual case to avoid and limit damage. Generally, the potential risk associated with lithium batteries increases as the amount of energy stored by the batteries increases and the number held increases.

Keep these tips in mind when storing or transporting lithium-ion batteries:

• Observe manufacturer’s instructions (technical product datasheets)

• Protect battery poles from short-circuits

• Protect from mechanical deformation

• Do not be exposed to direct and long-term high temperatures or heat sources (including direct sunlight)

• If automatic extinguishing equipment is absent, ensure structural or spatial separation (min. 2.5 m) from other combustible materials.

• Ensure damaged batteries are removed immediately from storage and production areas (store at a safe distance or in a fire-rated place until they are disposed of)

What are the risks of storing lithium-ion batteries?

Improper storage can lead to fires, explosions, toxic gas release, and structural damage due to overheating, physical damage, or internal battery failure.

What is thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries?

Thermal runaway is a chain reaction where heat builds uncontrollably inside the battery, potentially causing it to ignite or explode.

Can lithium-ion batteries catch fire on their own?

Yes. If damaged, overcharged, or exposed to heat, lithium-ion batteries can self-ignite due to internal chemical reactions—even without an external flame.

How should I store lithium-ion batteries safely?

Store batteries in a cool, dry place away from flammable materials. Use certified storage cabinets with fire protection and follow manufacturer guidelines.

Do lithium-ion batteries emit toxic gases when damaged?

Yes. Failing batteries can release hazardous vapors such as hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid, which pose health risks through skin contact or inhalation.

What is the best way to store damaged lithium-ion batteries?

Store damaged batteries in a fire-rated safety cabinet or isolation container, away from active work areas and other combustible materials.

Are there regulations for lithium-ion battery storage?

There is no single unified regulation, but OSHA, NFPA, and insurance guidelines recommend best practices for lithium battery storage and fire protection.

What is a Lithium-Ion cabinet by DENIOS?

The Lithium-Ion Battery Cabinet is a fire-rated storage cabinet designed for lithium-ion batteries. It offers 90-minute fire resistance and protection for people and property. Explore our selection guide to learn more!

Why should I choose DENIOS for battery storage?

DENIOS offers expert-engineered storage solutions backed by 30+ years of experience in hazardous materials safety, ensuring full compliance and peace of mind.

How long can lithium-ion batteries be stored safely?

Batteries can be safely stored for months if kept in proper conditions—cool, dry, undamaged, and at a partial charge. Deep discharge should be avoided.